初中英语知识点总结（汇总十篇）。
总结是在一段时间内对学习和工作生活等表现加以总结和概括的一种书面材料，它能够使头脑更加清醒，目标更加明确，我想我们需要写一份总结了吧。总结怎么写才不会流于形式呢？以下是小编整理的初中英语知识点总结，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
初中英语知识点总结 篇1
形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
(1)单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。
①单音节单词:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
(2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st。
large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即：辅音+元音+辅音)单词中，先双写末尾的.辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。
big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。
easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
(5)其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
(6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。
good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
初中英语知识点总结 篇2
知识点总结
一、 形容词是用来描写或修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的特征或性质的， 形容词往往被译成“···的”。用法如下:
1.做定语。e.g. This is an old house.
2.做表语。e.g.I am sorry to hear that.
3.做宾语不足语。e.g.She made her mother angry.
4.形容词在句中的位置。 形容词做定语修饰名词时，放在名词前面。修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词之后。
e.g.She is a clever girl.
I saw something white in the water.
5.某些形容词前加上定冠词the,可以代表一类人或东西，可以用作主语，宾语等。做主语时当复数看待。
e.g.The old are well looked after.
We all love the beautiful.
二、 形容词的等级变化
在英语中形容词有原级，比较级和最高级之分。原级就是它们的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化。
（一）形容词的比较级和最高级变化
1.规则变化
单音节词和部分双音节词
(1)一般在词尾加er,est. hard---harder---hardest great---greater---greatest
(2)以字母e结尾的加r,st. nice---nicer----nicest able---abler----ablest
(3)重读闭音节中末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加er,est.
big---bigger---biggest （另外还有fat， red，hot,wet,sad,mad ,thin )
(4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加 上 -ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)
(5)双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
例如： beautiful (原级) difficult (原级)
more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级)
most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级)
2、 常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
many more most
much more most
bad worse worst
little less least
ill worse worst
far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
三、形容词比较等级的用法:
1、形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。例如：Our teacher is taller than we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。
比较级前面可以用even, still, yet , any, much, rather, a little, a lot, by far等修饰语用以加强语气或表示比较程度。
2、形容词最高级的用法: 形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较,形容词最高级 前必须加the,后面多用of……， in……短语表示范围：其结构形式为:
主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
She is the best student in her class. 她是班上最好的学生。
He is the tallest of the three boys.他是三个男孩中最高的一个。
四、 有关比较等级的特殊句型及应注意的问题
1. “比较级 ＋ and + 比较级”或“more and more / less and less + 原级”结构表示“越来越……”的意思，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow, get, become等。
She felt herself becoming more and more nervous.她觉得自己越来越紧张。
its getting colder and colder.天气越来越冷。
2. the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词。表示“两个中较···的一个
Jane is the taller of the two children in our family. Jane是我家两个孩子中较高的。
3. “the + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”，表示“越……，越……”。
The more magazines you sell, the more money you will get.你卖的杂志越多，你挣的钱就越多。
4.“．．．as + 形容词 + as．．．”或“．．．as + 形容词 + 名词 + as．．．”构成，表示同等比较。
常见考法
对于形容词的考查，多以单选或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用形容词的能力，尤其是在各种比较句型中灵活运用形容词。
例如： Which month is____, June, July or August?
A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. the hottest
解析：三者及以上比较用最高级形式，形容词最高级前必须加the，所以应用the hottest
误区提醒
在分辨比较等级时，对于易混淆形容词、副词，要谨慎对待。
典型例题：Dont just believe the ad.That kind of camera is it says.
A.as good as B.not so good as C.as well as D.not as well as
解析：根据第二句的谓语动词be可以确定空白处缺少表语。此处的表语应由形容词充当，而 well表示“好”是副词，因此排除 C和D；根据第一句的意思我们可以知道说话者的观点，故此排除A.
答案：B
初中英语知识点总结 篇3
在英语中，谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。
1、以there或here引起的句子，谓语是be动词时，如果主语是并列的几个名词，谓语动词应和最靠近它的一个名词保持人称和数的一致。
例如：
There are two trees and a well behind the house.
Here is an apple,two oranges and some peaches for you.
2、由neither…nor/either…or/not only…but also/not…but等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与最靠近他的.一个名词或代词保持人称和数上的一致。
例如：
Neither jack nor I have seen the film.
Either you or I am worry.
Not only you but also he comes here every day.
3、each和由some/any/one/every/构成的复合代词，都作单数看待，谓语动词应用单数形式。
例如：
Each of us has something to say .
Is everyboday ready?
Someboday is using the phone.
4、主语后接with/together with/as well as/but等短语作定语时，谓语形式不受定语的影响。
例如：
The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.
5、many a(许多)和more than one(不止一个)等作定语去修饰作主语的单数可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
Many a way has been tried.
6、pair of等表示数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语的形式要与pair等名词形式一致。常见的有：pair of/kind of/type of/box of等。(但a lot of/lots of和a number of不属于这一类)。
例如：
There is a pair of shoes left.
7、从句或短语(包括不定式和动名词)作主语时，往往表达一种抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
Waving hand is to say“goodbye”.
What he said is wrong.
8、maths/news/physics/the united states等单数概念，复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数。
例如：
The united states was founded in 1776.
9、时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
Twenty years is a long time.
Two hundreds dollars is a lot of money.
10、the number of+名词，谓语动词用单数：a number of+名词，谓语动词用复数。
初中英语知识点总结 篇4
一，表示并列关系的连词有：
and,both…and,neither…nor,either…or,not only…but also，as well as
1．and“和，并且”，连接对等的词句。（在否定句中要用or连接。）
I like physics and chemistry.我喜欢物理和化学。
I don’t like physics or chemistry.我不喜欢物理和化学。
2．both…and“……和……都”
Both Jim and Mary went to the cinema yesterday.昨天吉姆和玛丽都去看电影了。
Exercise is good both for body and for mind.运动有益于身心。
3．neither…nor两者皆不
He neither smokes nor drinks.他既不抽烟又不喝酒。
I like neither swimming nor skating.我既不喜欢游泳，又不喜欢溜冰。
4．either…or不是…就是…，或者…或者….。
Either you come to the office now,or wait for me at home.
你要么现在到办公室来，要么就在家等着。
Either he or I will leave.不是他就是我将要离开。
5．not only…but(also)不但……而且……(not only…but also中的also可以省略。)
Not only she but also I am wrong.不但她错了，我也错了。
He not only made a promise,but kept it.他不仅许诺，而且做到了。
6．as well as也、又
We will rescue Henry as well as you.除了你，我们还要营救亨利。
He likes basketball as well as football.除了足球，他还喜欢篮球。
二、常用的从属连词：
（一）引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,while,since,until,after,before,as soon as
1．when当……时
When we got there,the meeting had begun.我们到时，会议已经开始了。
It was raining when she arrived at the station.她到达车站时，正在下雨。588.es
2．while正当……时，正在……时。（while引导的从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且常常用进行时。
Don’t make any noise while others are reading.别人读书时不要制造噪音。
She sang while she was walking.她边走边唱。
3．since自从
It’s just a month since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚好一月了。
My mother has been ill since I left home.自从我离开家我妈妈就一直生病。
4．until直到……为止
Until you told me,I knew nothing at all about it.在我告诉我之前，我对此之外无所知。
He didn’t appear until the meeting had begun.直到会议开始他才露面。
5．before在……之前
after在……之后
I’ll phone you after I arrive.我到达之后给你打电话。
Say goodbye before you go.你走之前要说再见。
6．as soon as一……就
I’ll visit you as soon as I come back.我一回来就去拜访你。
Please tell him as soon as you see him.你一看见他就请告诉他。
（二）引导原因状语从句的连词：because,since,as,for,now that
1．because因为(because与so不能并用。)
I can’t believe in him because he isn’t honest.我不能信任他，因为他不诚实。
She didn’t come because she didn’t know it.她没有来，因为她不知道。
2．since既然
Since he says so,it must be true.既然他这么说，那一定是真的。
Since you ask,I will tell you.你既然问，我就告诉你。
3．as因为，由于
As we are hungry,let’s have supper.由于大家饿了，我们就吃晚饭吧。
Mother began to worry about my brother as it was getting dark.
由于天越来越黑，妈妈开始为哥哥着急。
4．for因为
We cant go for it is raining.我们不能走，因为正在下雨。
I enjoyed myself at the party for I knew all the guests well.
我在晚会上玩得很尽兴，因为所有的个人我都很熟悉。
5．now that既然
Now that he is unhappy,let’s leave him alone.既然他不高兴，我们就让他自己呆着吧。
Now that she feels sorry,please forgive her.既然她很后悔，就请原谅她吧。
（三）引导结果状语从句：so…that,such…that
1．so…that如此……以致
She is so tired that he can’t go any further.她太累了，不能再走了。
She is so big a cat that she can’t get into the hole.这猫太大了钻不进这洞。
2．such…that如此……以致
It’s such a beautiful place that I wouldn’t come back.这地方太美了，令我留恋返。
It’s such a fine day that many people go to the park for fun.
天气这么好，许多人都到公园里来玩乐。
（四）引导目的状语从句的连词：so that,in order that以便
They hurried so that they can get there on time.他们加快了速度，为的是能够按时到达。
I hired a boat in order that I can go fishing.为了去钓鱼，我租了条小船。
（五）引导比较状语从句的连词：than,as…as
He is taller than his brother.他比他兄弟高。
She could draw as well as her teacher.她能画得跟她的老师一样好。
（六）引导让步状语从句的连词：though,although（though与although的用法基本一样）
Although it rained hard,he still went out.尽管雨下得很大，他还是出去了。
Even though I have enough time,I don’t want to go there with him.
尽管我有时间，可我并不想跟他去那。
初中英语知识点总结 篇5
现在进行时，从字面上理解，就是“现在正在进行、发生的动作”，表示动作发生的时间是“现在”，动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”，是指在谈到这件事的时候，这个动作还在进行中。至于它是什么时候开始的，什么时候会停下来，不是我们关心的。所以“正在进行时”的事件，可能发生几年了，也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在。它是一件持续进行的事情。
一、现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由"be+现在分词（v-ing）"构成。be应为助动词，一定不要漏掉哟!它应与主语的人称和数保持一致，即：I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are. 。现在分词变化规则如下：
1.动词后直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping)
2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting)
3.重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ing(例： sitting
sitting, beginning,getting,putting，running，stopping，cutting ）
4.特殊变化：die-dying,lie-lying，tie-tying
句式构成如下：
肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.
否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.
一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？ ，，
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？
二、现在进行时的`应用
A表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 例：We are waiting for you.
B. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 例：Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) 例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了） we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了）
在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况：
(1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：
They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：
Listen！She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如：
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
常见考法
对于现在进行时的考查，多以单选或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在进行时，或填写现在分词，或进行句型转换。
典型例题1： Listen, who________(sing) in the music room?
解析：以 listen开头，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。所以应用is singing
典型例题2：The boys are visiting the history museum。(对划线部分提问）
解析：对动作提问用What，现在进行时，把are 提到主语前，加doing。
答案：What are the boys doing？
误区提醒
在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作，用现在进行时表示将来时，这类情况常与come来，go去， leave离开，depart离开，arrive到达，stay逗留，start开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态，主语必须是人。
典型例题：They are （leave）for New York tomorrow.
解析：题意为“明天他们将要动身前往纽约”。虽然tomorrow 表示“明天”，表达未来，但leave要用现在进行时表示将来时，所以应用leaving 。
答案：leaving
初中英语知识点总结 篇6
1. …as soon as…一…就…
Mary一见到她弟弟就会告诉他这个消息。
Mary will tell her brother this message as soon as he sees him.
我们一到那儿就去爬山了。
We went climbing as soon as we arrived / got / reached there.
2. as + adj./adv.+ as… …和…一样(的/地)…
not as(so)…as… …不如/不比… ….
李雷和吉母跑得一样快。
Li Lei runs as fast as Jim.
约翰和你的年龄不一样大。
John is not as (so) old as you.
这部电视剧不如那部有趣。(TV series)
This TV series is not as (so) interesting as that one.
3. as +adj./adv.+ as possible尽可能…的/地…
我们在英语课上应该尽可能地多讲英语。
We should speak English as much as possible in English class.
你能不能尽可能慢一些读这个句子?
Can you read the sentence as slowly as possible?
4. ask sb for sth向某人要求某物
当你迷路时，你可以向警察需求帮助。
When you get lost, you can ask the police for help.
一些学生经常向父母要钱去玩电子游戏。(video games)
Some students often ask their parents for money to play video games.
他向父母要一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
He asked his parents for a bicycle as his birthday present.
5. ask/ tell sb. (how) to do sth询问/告诉某人如何做某事
许多学生经常问老师如何才能学好英语。
Many students often ask their teachers how to learn English well.
让我来告诉你如何发邮件。
Let me tell you how to send an e-mail.
6. ask / tell /want sb (not) to do sth.要求(让)/告诉/想要某人做(不做)某事
护士告诉我服用此药需一日三次，饭后服用。
The nurse told me to take this medicine three times a day after meals.
老师经常告诉我要更加努力地学习。
The teacher often tells me to study harder.
他让我不要再犯同样的错误。
He asked me not to make the same mistake again.
7. make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth使/让某人做(不做)某事
他使得孩子哭得很厉害。
He made the child cry loudly.
昨天他使我在影院门口等了很长时间。
He made me wait for long (for a long time) at the gate of the cinema yesterday.
直到我们做完了作业,妈妈才让我们去玩球。
Mother didn’t let us play football until we finished our homework.
那个老板迫使工人们每天工作10小时。
That boss made the workers work (for) ten hours a day.
8. be afraid of doing / to do/that害怕/不敢做某事
这个小女孩不敢晚上出去。
The little girl is afraid to go out in the evening / at night.
他害怕独自呆在家里。
He is afraid of staying at home alone.
许多人担心他们会失去工作。(be afraid that)
Many people are afraid that they will lose their jobs.
9. be busy with sth. / doing sth.忙于某事/做某事
现在学生们忙于准备考试。
Now students are busy preparing for the exams.
昨天下午妈妈都在忙着做家务。(两种)
Mother was busy with housework yesterday afternoon.
Mother was busy doing housework yesterday afternoon.
10. be famous / late /ready / sorry for sth.
因…而著名/ (做)…迟到了/晚了/为…准备/为…而抱歉
如果你不快点，你就会上班迟到。
If you don’t hurry, you will be late for work.
杭州以丝绸而出名。
Hangzhou is famous for silk.
我们已经准备好迎接奥运会了。
We have been ready for the Olympic Games.
我为我的错误而抱歉。
I am sorry for my mistake.
11. be glad that很高兴…
我很高兴你能来参加晚会。
I am very glad that you can come to the evening party.
老师很高兴我们班得了第一名。
The teacher was very glad that our class was the first / won the first prize.
12. give/ show/ bring/ lend/ send/ pass/ tell / offer sth to sb
buy/give/ show/ send/ pass/ bring/ lend/ tell sb. sth
给某人某物;给某人看某物;给某人带来某物;借给某人某物;送给某人某物;递给某人某物;把某事告诉给某人;主动给某人某物
请递给我一张纸。
Please pass me a piece of paper.
=Please pass a piece of paper to me.
请把你的画给我看看。
Please show me your picture.
=Please show your picture to me
他借给我一辆自行车。
He lent me a bike.
=He lent a bike to me.
别忘了下次来给我带点儿钱。
Don’t forget to bring me some money when you come here next time.
= Don’t forget to bring some money to me when you come here next time.
13. either…or…或…或…,不是…就是…,要么…要么…
不是你，就是他是对的。
Either you or he is right. V.就近原则
每个周末，我们要么去公园，要么呆在家里。
We either go to a park or stay at home every weekend. (at/on weekends.)
要了解世界，人们既可以读报纸，也可以看电视。
People can either read newspapers or watch TV to get to know the world.
14. neither…nor…既不…也不…,两者都不…
我和他都没有读过这本书。
Neither he nor I have ever read this book. V.就近原则
这个女孩已经十岁了，但她既不会读书，也不会写字。
The girl is already ten, but she can neither read nor write.
15. enjoy/ finish/mind/ keep/ practise/go on doing sth.
享受做…之乐;做完某事;介意做某事;一直做某事;练习做某事;继续做…
我们应该经常练习讲英语。
We should often practice speaking English.
我奶奶一直坚持早晨锻炼身体已经有十年了。
My grandma has kept doing exercise in the morning for ten years.
16. find /think / feel + it + adj. (for sb.)to do sth.发现/认为/觉得做某事如何
越来越多的人发现吃太多汉堡包不利于健康。
More and more people have found it unhealthy to eat too many hamburgers.
很多大学生发现在大学中交友很难。
A lot of students have found it very hard to make friends at college.
17. get + adj.的比较级+ and + adj.的.比较级变得越来越…
地球变得越来越暖和了。
It gets warmer and warmer on the earth.
春天到了，天气变得越来越热了。
Spring is coming and it’s getting warmer and warmer.
北京变得越来越美丽了。
Beijing is becoming more and more beautiful.
18. The + adj./adv.的比较级，the + adj./adv.的比较级。越...,就越…。
天气越冷,人们穿得就越多。
The colder it is, the more people wear.
我们种的树越多,空气就会越干净。
The more trees we plant, the cleaner the air will be.
英语，我们练习得越多，说得就越好。
The more we practice speaking English, the better we can speak.
你越强健，患感冒的机会就越少。
The stronger you are, the less chance you will catch a cold.
19. It is +序数词+ adj./adv.的最高级+ n.
黄河是中国第二长的河流。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
他是我们班跑得第二快的。
He runs the second fastest in our class.
20. one of the +最高级+ n. (pl.)是最…之一者
姚明是世界上最好的篮球运动员之一。
Yao Ming is one of the best basketball players in the world.
三亚是中国最美丽的城市之一。
Sanya is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
初中英语知识点总结 篇7
不定式的基本形式与结构
动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write)所构成的一种非限定性动词形式，但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing，to have written)，也有被动态(如to be written)，所有的主动词，不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形式。助动词除be和have外，没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
不定式的`用法
1)不定式结构作主语
Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge.
在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面。如It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time.
不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过for sb.to do sth.结构表达It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.
在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语It is very kind of you to tell me the truth.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.
2)不定式作宾语
不定式作宾语有两种一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
及物动词+带to的不定式结构：只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decide，demand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，swear，undertake，want，wish等。
He managed to solve the complicated problem.The stranger offered to show me the way.Mr.Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.
动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式这类动词常见的有advise，decide，find out，forget，inquire，know，learn，see，regard初中英语语法总结，remember，teach，tell，understand，wonder等。
常见的疑问代(副)词有：what，when，where，which，how，whether等。
He does not know when to start.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.
I will show you how to deal with it.
有时，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达动词(如find，think，consider，feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。She considers it necessary to make friends with him.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.
初中英语知识点总结 篇8
宾语从句
1.宾语从句的含义
在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film.她知道这位老师看过这部电影。
“that the teacher had seen the
film”做knew的宾语，同时又是由连接词that引导的`从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。
2.宾语从句的分类
(1)动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
(2)介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。
如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
(3)形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
如：I am afraid that I will be late.恐怕我要迟到了。
3.引导名词性从句的连接词
(1)that：没有含义，在宾语从句中不做成分
(2)whether/if：表示是否，在宾语从句中不做成分。
I don t know if /whether he still lives here after so many
years.我不知道这么多年后，他是否还住在这里。
(3)连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)
连接副词：where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)
The small children don t know what is in their
stockings.(what在宾语从句中做主语)这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this
morning?(why在宾语从句中做原因状语)你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗?
4.在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点
(1)时态：
①当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
I don t know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
②当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
③当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时，任何时候都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
(2)语序：任何从句都使用陈述句语序，宾语从句当然也不例外。
初中英语知识点总结 篇9
I.要点
表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
1、虚拟语气的构成
如：与现在事实相反
If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. )
If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)
If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)
与过去事实相反：
I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again)
You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness )
与将来事实相反：
If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.)
If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.)
If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.)
If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (条件从句谓语动词用were to +动词原形，表示下雨的可能性极小。Were to rain和should rain都表示“出乎意料之外”，但were to加强表示“当初没想到以后的事”)
注：
(1)如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去,但要倒装。如：
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
(2)混合时间条件句的.用法：
有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致。这时动词的形式，应根据它所要表达的具体时间来决定用什么形式。
1) If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be run so fast.(从句叙述过去，主句叙述现在。)
(fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.)
2)You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句叙述现在，从句叙述过去)
(fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced ) reading and speaking it every day, so you can’t speak English well enough.)
(3)在其他状语从句中的用法
主要用于由as if (as though)引导的比较状语从句，从句中谓语动词一般用“动词的过去式(be变were )或had +过去分词。”如：
She looked as if she were ill.(实际上她没有病，在这里用虚拟语气补语比喻她精神不佳)
Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(这里用虚拟语气表现他的英语说得好)
2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) +动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。
句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
如：It is strange that he (should) have done that.
It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：
I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
(3)在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
(4)在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：
We received order that the work be done at once.
(5)在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或"should +动词原形",should不可省。如：
Its time (that) we went ( should go) to school.
初中英语知识点总结 篇10
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1、由who, whom, that，Whose引导的从句
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略)，可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。
(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
2、由which, that引导的从句
它们所代替的.先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：
(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
注意： 代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用that而不用which：
a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;
b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时，这时的that常被省略;
c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;
d)先行词中既有人又有物时;
e)整个句中前面已有which，who,that时;
f)当先行词为物并作表语时;
g)先行词为one时;
h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 ，用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
常见考法
对于定语从句的考查，多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下，常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查，重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。
典型例题：
You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who B. whom C. whom D. who
解析：先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
答案：D
误区提醒
当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时，要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词，反之用关系代词。
典型例题：
I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
解析：两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
答案：A
